# Accessing Files Inside Templates

In the previous section we looked at several ways to create and access named templates. This makes it easy to import one template from within another template. But sometimes it is desirable to import a _file that is not a template_ and inject its contents without sending the contents through the template renderer.

Helm provides access to files through the `.Files` object. Before we get going with the template examples, though, there are a few things to note about how this works:

- It is okay to add extra files to your Helm chart. These files will be bundled and sent to Tiller. Be careful, though. Charts must be smaller than 1M because of the storage limitations of Kubernetes objects.
- Some files cannot be accessed through the `.Files` object, usually for security reasons.
  - Files in `templates/` cannot be accessed.
  - Files excluded using `.helmignore` cannot be accessed.
- Charts do not preserve UNIX mode information, so file-level permissions will have no impact on the availability of a file when it comes to the `.Files` object.

<!-- (see https://github.com/jonschlinkert/markdown-toc) -->

<!-- toc -->

- [Basic example](#basic-example)
- [Path helpers](#path-helpers)
- [Glob patterns](#glob-patterns)
- [ConfigMap and Secrets utility functions](#configmap-and-secrets-utility-functions)
- [Encoding](#encoding)
- [Lines](#lines)

<!-- tocstop -->

## Basic example

With those caveats behind, let's write a template that reads three files into our ConfigMap. To get started, we will add three files to the chart, putting all three directly inside of the `mychart/` directory.

`config1.toml`:

```toml
message = Hello from config 1
```

`config2.toml`:

```toml
message = This is config 2
```

`config3.toml`:

```toml
message = Goodbye from config 3
```

Each of these is a simple TOML file (think old-school Windows INI files). We know the names of these files, so we can use a `range` function to loop through them and inject their contents into our ConfigMap.

```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: {{ .Release.Name }}-configmap
data:
  {{- $files := .Files }}
  {{- range tuple "config1.toml" "config2.toml" "config3.toml" }}
  {{ . }}: |-
    {{ $files.Get . }}
  {{- end }}
```

This config map uses several of the techniques discussed in previous sections. For example, we create a `$files` variable to hold a reference to the `.Files` object. We also use the `tuple` function to create a list of files that we loop through. Then we print each file name (`{{.}}: |-`) followed by the contents of the file `{{ $files.Get . }}`.

Running this template will produce a single ConfigMap with the contents of all three files:

```yaml
# Source: mychart/templates/configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: quieting-giraf-configmap
data:
  config1.toml: |-
    message = Hello from config 1

  config2.toml: |-
    message = This is config 2

  config3.toml: |-
    message = Goodbye from config 3
```

## Path helpers

When working with files, it can be very useful to perform some standard
operations on the file paths themselves. To help with this, Helm imports many of
the functions from Go's [path](https://golang.org/pkg/path/) package for your
use. They are all accessible with the same names as in the Go package, but
with a lowercase first letter. For example, `Base` becomes `base`, etc.

The imported functions are:

- Base
- Dir
- Ext
- IsAbs
- Clean

## Glob patterns

As your chart grows, you may find you have a greater need to organize your
files more, and so we provide a `Files.Glob(pattern string)` method to assist
in extracting certain files with all the flexibility of [glob patterns](https://godoc.org/github.com/gobwas/glob).

`.Glob` returns a `Files` type, so you may call any of the `Files` methods on
the returned object.

For example, imagine the directory structure:

```txt
foo/:
  foo.txt foo.yaml

bar/:
  bar.go bar.conf baz.yaml
```

You have multiple options with Globs:

```yaml
{{ $root := . }}
{{ range $path, $bytes := .Files.Glob "**.yaml" }}
{{ $path }}: |-
{{ $root.Files.Get $path }}
{{ end }}
```

Or

```yaml
{{ range $path, $bytes := .Files.Glob "foo/*" }}
{{ base $path }}: '{{ $root.Files.Get $path | b64enc }}'
{{ end }}
```

## ConfigMap and Secrets utility functions

(Not present in version 2.0.2 or prior)

It is very common to want to place file content into both configmaps and
secrets, for mounting into your pods at run time. To help with this, we provide a
couple utility methods on the `Files` type.

For further organization, it is especially useful to use these methods in
conjunction with the `Glob` method.

Given the directory structure from the [Glob](#glob-patterns) example above:

```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: conf
data:
  {{- (.Files.Glob "foo/*").AsConfig | nindent 2 }}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: very-secret
type: Opaque
data:
  {{- (.Files.Glob "bar/*").AsSecrets | nindent 2 }}
```

## Encoding

You can import a file and have the template base-64 encode it to ensure successful transmission:

```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: {{ .Release.Name }}-secret
type: Opaque
data:
  token: |-
    {{ .Files.Get "config1.toml" | b64enc }}
```

The above will take the same `config1.toml` file we used before and encode it:

```yaml
# Source: mychart/templates/secret.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: lucky-turkey-secret
type: Opaque
data:
  token: |-
    bWVzc2FnZSA9IEhlbGxvIGZyb20gY29uZmlnIDEK
```

## Lines

Sometimes it is desirable to access each line of a file in your template. We
provide a convenient `Lines` method for this.

```yaml
data:
  some-file.txt: {{ range .Files.Lines "foo/bar.txt" }}
    {{ . }}{{ end }}
```

Currently, there is no way to pass files external to the chart during `helm install`. So if you are asking users to supply data, it must be loaded using `helm install -f` or `helm install --set`.

This discussion wraps up our dive into the tools and techniques for writing Helm templates. In the next section we will see how you can use one special file, `templates/NOTES.txt`, to send post-installation instructions to the users of your chart.
